Registers vs Memory: Difference and Comparison

Key Takeaways

1. Registers are small, high-speed storage units located within the CPU, used to temporarily store data, instructions, and addresses during computation. They offer the fastest access speed and have limited capacity.
2. Memory, such as RAM, is a larger storage system that holds data and instructions needed by the CPU and other components. It provides a greater storage capacity than registers but is slower in access speed.
3. Registers form the highest level of the memory hierarchy, while memory resides at a lower level. Registers are volatile and lose their contents when the computer is powered off. In contrast, memory can be volatile or non-volatile, retaining data even when power is off in certain types of memory.

What are Registers?

Registers are a type of way to store data in various computer systems, laptops, and desktop systems. The primary use of registers is to hold the data during processing but temporarily. They are present inside the processor, and the access time of the registers is relatively fast. The range of access time is approximately a few nanoseconds or less than it.

Registers are an integral part of a computer system and have a comprehensive purpose for it, such as – the stack pointer, which indicates the top of the stack that has been used for storing temporary data, tracking the program counters, and indicating the following instructions that have to be completed.

The capacity of registers is limited because they are expensive in the market. In conclusion, they are an essential part of computer system and allows a fast and efficient method to store data.

What is Memory?

Memory is said to be one of the data storage types used in computer systems, laptops, and desktop systems. The primary use of memory is to hold the data and program instructions. They are present outside the processor, and the memory access time is relatively slow compared to that of registers. The range of access time is approximately from a few nanoseconds to milliseconds.

They are used for storing long-term data and program instructions, opposite to the registers used for storing temporary storage. Memory is available in various types, such as – ROM (Read Only Memory), Hard Disk, Flash Memory, and RAM (Random Access Memory).

The capacity of memory is quite large, and it ranges from several gigabytes to terabytes, and because of this, the price of it is low. In conclusion, memory is an integral part of any system and is a possible way to store data in systems.

Difference Between Registers and Memory

1. Registers are present inside the processor. Whereas on the other hand, memory is present outside the processor. 
2. The access time of registers is fast, about a few nanoseconds. While comparatively, on the other hand, the access time of memory is slow (from a few nanoseconds to milliseconds) compared to registers.
3. The capacity of registers is limited to a few bytes to a few kilobytes, respectively. In contrast, memory capacity is large, up to several gigabytes to terabytes.
4. The purpose of registers is that it is used for storing data temporarily. At the same time, the purpose of memory is that it is used for storing data for the long term. 
5. Registers are said to be volatile, and it is assumed that contents can be lost on power loss or reset. On the other hand, memory is considered non-volatile, and the contents can be retained even after reset or power loss.
6. Registers store data being processed, whereas, at the same time, memory stores the data and program instructions.
7. Registers are expensive because of their limited capacity. While in contrast, memory is cheap because of its large capacity.
8. Examples of registers are – instruction registers, program counters, and stack pointers. While at the other hand, examples of memory are – ROM, flash memory, RAM, and hard disk.

Comparison Between Registers and Memory

Parameter of Comparison	Registers	Memory
Location	It is present inside the processor	It is present outside the processor
Access Time	Fast	Slow
Capacity	Limited	Large
Purpose	It is used for storing data temporarily	It is used for storing data for a long term
Volatility	Yes	No
Type of Data	It stores data being processed	It stores data and program instructions
Cost	Expensive	Cheap
Examples	Instruction registers, program counter, stack pointer	ROM, flash memory, RAM, hard disk

References

1. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6643294
2. https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/qf85nf089