Christianity, the world’s fastest-growing religion, is divided into six major ethnic groups: the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Restorationism.
Though all these groups acquired their root from the same place, the discrepancies and differences of opinions and beliefs among themselves led to the birth of six mainstream groups.
Key Takeaways
- The Catholic Bible has 73 books, while the Protestant Bible has 66.
- The Catholic Bible includes the Apocrypha, which contains books, not the Protestant Bible.
- The Catholic Church regards the Bible as part of the Church’s tradition, while the Protestant Church regards the Bible as the only source of religious authority.
Catholic Bible vs Protestant Bible
Catholic Bible is the Holy Bible used by the Roman Catholic Church and consists of 73 books, and it is regarded as the part of the church’s tradition. Protestant Bible is a holy book that was formulated by Protestants after being revised, and is made up of 66 books. It only includes scriptures that were in Hebrew.
The number of books in the Old Testament is the most significant factor that differs between the Bibles.
The Catholic Bible comprises 73 books, including the ‘Apocrypha’, which signifies the hidden private books not meant to be accessed by the public.
‘Apocrypha ‘occurs in the Septuagint, a Greek version of the old testament.
The Protestant Bible is the revised and transcripted version of the Christian Bible formulated by the Protestants. It includes and accepts only the scriptures that are strictly in Hebrew.
Protestant Bible contains 66 books in total, out of which 39 books are from the Old Testament and 27 books from the new testament.
Comparison Table
| Parameters Of Comparison | Catholic Bible | Protestant Bible |
|---|---|---|
| Roots and Origin | It comprises the teachings and stories of Jesus Christ. | It is a revised version of the Christian Bible produced by Martin Luther and the protestants. |
| Number of books | The Bible consists of 73 books in the old testament and 27 books belonging to the new testament. | The old testament consists of 66 books in the old testament and 27 in the new testament. |
| Pope | The pope of the Catholic Church is considered to be a Vicar of Christ. He is believed to be an infallible leader who heads the church and the Vatican City. | The protestants strongly believe human beings cannot be infallible and always faithfully believe Jesus Christ as the head of the Church. |
| Eucharist | They have their doctrine of Transubstantiation, which emphasises that the bread and drink used during the mass become the body and blood of Christ himself. | They call it Communion or Lord’s Supper. It commemorates the death of Jesus, and according to them, the bread and wine are symbols that signify the body and blood of Christ. |
| Praying to Saints | Their doctrine of intercessory saints emphasizes praying to holy men who passed away in addition to the worship of Christ. Veneration, according to them, is praying through the saints rather than praying to them. | They emphasize the freedom and possibility of humans’ direct access and connection with God. |
What is Catholic Bible?
The Bible contains the teachings, literature, wisdom, and story of Jesus Christ, who lived in the province of Judea in the Roman Empire during the 1st century CE.
Containing 27 books of the new testament and 73 books of the old testament, including the ‘Apocrypha’, the Greek version.
To be appropriate, it is called the Roman Catholic church. During the term of Jesus, both Hebrew and Septuagint were used in the scriptures, so the catholic bible consists of both these scriptures.
The Catholic Bible is officially called ‘THE VULGATE’. The Catholic Canon law publishes the Roman Catholic Bible.
A revision of the Vulgate in Latin is now globally considered the official version of the Bible. The Catholic Bible remained unchanged even after Martin Luther carried out the Reformation.
Despite stories from the Roman Catholic Bible that many have opposed and disagreed with, it remains the same as its original scripture.
Some of the books that the Catholic bible contains are Baruch, Judith, Sirach, stories of Susanna, Tobit, stories of Bel and the Dragon, etc. It was formulated and complied with during the late fourth century.
What is Protestant Bible?
Protestant Bible Strictly accepts only Hebrew scriptures and has 66 books in the old testament and 27 in the new testament.
The opposition of Martin Luther against the catholic church led to the formation of protestants. The Protestant Bible is the modified version produced by the Protestants.
The Protestant Bible excluded the canonical ones considered significant.
Though initially, the Protestant Bible did not comprise the ‘Apocrypha’, since Martin Luther did not consider them, many English-speaking Protestants agreed to place them in a separate section of the old testament; the ‘Apocrypha’ is not considered canonical.
The protestant Bible with ‘Apocrypha’ is gaining popularity in recent times.
The protestants have a differently oriented and comparatively contradictory approach towards Christianity though they have a lot of similarities.
Main Differences Between Catholic Bible and Protestant Bible
- The Roman Catholic Bible consists of 73 books in the Old Testament, whereas the Protestant Bible contains only 66 books. The Catholic Bible accepts both Hebrew and Septuagint scriptures. Initially, The Protestant Bible strictly prohibited the non-canonical Apocrypha from being included, whereas the modern versions including these exist.
- The Catholic Church has a pope, the head of the church, and the Vatican City. The protestants don’t believe in human beings being infallible, and their only head of the church is Jesus.
- The Catholics believe that the bread and wine used in the mass form Jesus’s body and blood. On the other hand, the Protestants see the drink and bread as a symbol of the blood and body of Jesus.
- The Catholic doctrine of intercessory allows them to worship saints in addition to worshipping Jesus. It is similar to asking a church member to pray for your family’s well-being. They see it as praying through them rather than praying to the saints. Protestants don’t believe in the veneration of saints but rather emphasize the direct connection between god and humans.
Last Updated : 13 July, 2023
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